Abnormal:

• Timing of intercourse remote from ovulation may be a cause of infertility;
• The use of doushes or lubricants can affect the ability of the sperm to survive within the vagina or the cervix;
• Abnormalities of the penis or ejaculation that prevents sperm from being deposited in the vagina;
• Abnormalities of the vagina that prevent sperm from beingdeposited.

Treatment:

Anatomic or physiologic abnormalities may require intrauterine insemination or Assisted Reproductive Technologies.