Spermogram — what does it show and when is it a cause for concern?
Often the focus in reproductive medicine falls mainly on the woman. But the truth is that in about 40— 50% of cases, the problem is the male factor — either entirely or in combination. Therefore, a spermogram is a mandatory and key part of the initial assessment of a couple.
What is a spermogram?
Spermogram is a laboratory study that evaluates the quality of seminal fluid. It provides important information about:
- Sperm count (concentration);
- Their mobility (motility);
- Their shape (morphology);
- The volume of ejaculate;
- pH, liquefaction time, viscosity and other parameters.
What are the reference values according to WHO?
- Volume: ≥ 1.4 ml
- Concentration: ≥ 16 ml./ml
- Mobility (total): ≥ 42%
- Progressive mobility: ≥ 30%
- Morphology (normal forms): ≥ 4%
Important: even with values below these, pregnancy is not impossible. Conversely, a normal spermogram does not automatically guarantee success.
When is there cause for concern?
- If the number, mobility and/or morphology are significantly below the norm;
- If there is a complete lack of sperm (azoospermia);
- For repeated deviations in two or more samples;
- With increased DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa;
- With an abnormal SAT test;
- With accompanying symptoms — pain, swelling, surgeries, hormonal disorders.
What can be the causes of deviations?
- Genetic and hormonal factors;
- Varicocele;
- Infections, inflammations;
- Toxic effects — alcohol, drugs, tobacco, high temperatures;
- Stress, overweight, sedentary lifestyle;
- Certain medications or medical therapies.
What to do in case of a bad result?
- Repeat spermogram after 2—3 months;
- Visit a urologist-andrologist;
- Do additional research as needed;
- Don't waste time — especially if your partner is over 35;
- Discuss the possibilities with a reproductive specialist.
What are the peculiarities of the Bulgarian man?
In our clinic we conducted a national study that analyzed the semen indicators in Bulgarian men. The data show that the quality of sperm in Bulgaria has its own specifics, but in most cases it can be affected by timely measures, lifestyle changes and appropriate therapy.
Conclusion
Spermogram is simple as a study, but of enormous importance. It is the gateway to understanding, diagnosis, and sometimes — to the right treatment.
Do not be afraid of her. Look for answers, not accusations. Because the reproductive pathway is common — and the decision is almost always in the team.