CatSper

CatSper test — a new approach to evaluate the fertile potential of sperm

The CatSper test is an innovative molecular method for examining sperm functionality by assessing the activity of specific ion channels — CatSper (Cation Channel of Sperm). These channels regulate the flow of calcium, on which the motility, navigation and penetration of the sperm into the egg depend.

What are CatSper Channels?

CatSpers are calcium ion channels located in the tail of the sperm. They are activated when entering the female reproductive tract and are involved in:

• Enhancement of whiplash motility (hyperactivation);
• Orientation to the ovum;
• The ability to pass through the zona pellucida (one of the shells of the ovum)
• Stimulation of the acrosomal reaction in spermatozoa.

What does the CatSper test show?

The test analyzes:

• The presence and activity of CatSper channels;
• The response of spermatozoa to a stimulus with progesterone;
• Calcium flux by fluorescence signaling.

The result indicates whether the sperm is functionally capable of reaching and fertilizing the egg.

When is it recommended?

• Unexplained infertility in a man;
• Normal spermogram, but failed fertilization
• Repeated failed in vitro cycles;
• Suspicion of defects in motility or acrosomal reaction.

How is the test performed?

1. Collection of a sperm sample.
2. Processing in a specialized laboratory.
3. Molecular analysis of CatSper activity by:
   
   • Fluorescent signaling;
     
   • Calcium flux after stimulation with progesterone.
     
4. Result: functional profile of spermatozoa.

What do the results mean?

• Normal CatSper activity — full fertilization potential;
• Low or absent activity — sperm cannot navigate or penetrate the egg.

With low activity, ICSI or the use of donor sperm may be recommended.

What do we offer in our clinic?

In Vitro Clinic “Sofia” is among the few clinics offering the CatSper test as part of the extended functional diagnostics of spermatozoa. Advantages:

• Highly specialized laboratory equipment;
• Individual interpretation of the results;
• Preparation for the most appropriate strategy in vitro treatment.

Conclusion

The CatSper test expands the boundaries of male fertility diagnostics by focusing on the ability of the sperm to reach and fertilize the egg. This is the next level of precise reproductive assessment.

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